Small cell lung cancer associated with multiple paraneoplastic syndromes / Cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas asociado a múltiples síndromes paraneoplásicos

Abstracts We report the case of a patient presenting with multiple severe electrolyte disturbances who was subsequently found to have small cell lung cancer. Upon further evaluation, she demonstrated three distinct paraneoplastic processes, including the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, Fanconi syndrome, and an inappropriate elevation in fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). The patient underwent one round of chemotherapy, but she was found to have progressive disease. After 36 days of hospitalization, the patient made the decision to enter hospice care and later she expired.

Resumen Se reporta el caso de una paciente que ingresó al hospital para evaluación de múltiples trastornos electrolíticos y, posteriormente, se le hizo el diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas. Tras la evaluación médica, se detectaron tres síndromes paraneoplásicos: síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética, síndrome de Fanconi y elevación inapropiada del factor 23 de crecimiento de fibroblastos. Se le administró quimioterapia sin éxito, por lo cual se decidió darle tratamiento paliativo y, un tiempo después, falleció.

Reanimación protocolizada del shcok séptico / Protocolized reanimation of septic shock

Severe sepsis and septic shock are pathologies with an increasing incidence in the world. Annually, in the USA 200.000 people die because of severe sepsis, the same number that die because of a myocardial infarction, being this last disease much more common. In Chile, a multicentric study found a 40 percent of prevalence of severe sepsis in critically ill patients, with amortality of 27 percent. In this scenario, it becomes of great importance the appropriate and integral management of this condition, by means of an early diagnosis and the implementation of anaggressive protocolized resuscitation, guided by clear goals. During the first stage of the resuscitation cristalloids and/ or colloids can be used, in order to expand the intravascular space, searching for CVP around 8 to 12 mmHg. In case of hypotension refractory to the administration of fluids, it is recommended to start with increasing doses of norepinephrin untila MAP of 65 - 75 mmHg is achieved. The intensity of the septic shock can be stratified according to the requirements of norepinephrine. It is of great importance to obtain blood cultures of the patients and to start with empiric antibiotic therapy as soon as possible. The initial metabolic goal must be the normalization of the central venous oxygen saturation. The implementation of the resuscitation bundle during the first six hours, since the diagnose of severe sepsis is done, increases the chances of surviving. Protocols of sedation and analgesia, and the use of protective mechanical ventilation is highly recommended. The use of hydrocortisone and human recombinant protein C in selected patients, may have a beneficial result in the outcome.Vasopressin, terlipressin and high-volume hemofiltration can be used as rescue measures for the most severe patients.